Interview Questions for Height Safety Training

The hierarchy of fall protection systems prioritizes eliminating fall hazards whenever possible, then minimizing the risk through engineering controls, followed by the use of administrative controls, and finally, as a last resort, personal protective equipment (PPE).

• Elimination: The safest approach is to remove the fall hazard entirely. For example, replacing a ladder with a fixed staircase or using a different work method.
• Engineering Controls: These are physical changes to the workplace that reduce the risk of falls. Examples include guardrails, safety nets, and fall arrest systems with a collective protection system.
• Administrative Controls: These involve implementing procedures and rules to minimize the risk of falls. This includes site-specific risk assessments, safe work procedures, and regular training and supervision.
• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): This is used as a last resort when other controls are insufficient. It includes harnesses, lanyards, and shock absorbers.

Think of it like a pyramid: Elimination is the base, the strongest and most preferred level. PPE is at the top, only used when other methods have been exhausted.

The terms ‘leading edge’ and ‘trailing edge’ are crucial in fall protection, particularly when working at height on structures under construction.

• Leading Edge: Refers to an unprotected edge where a worker is potentially the first person to traverse the area, exposing them to a significant risk of falling. Imagine a roofline where workers are installing the first few sections of a parapet – that is the leading edge. This requires careful planning and often utilizes specialized fall protection methods.
• Trailing Edge: Refers to an already secured edge, a point where fall protection systems are generally established. Workers are working on a section which has already been secured and the fall protection is already in place. It’s typically less hazardous than a leading edge.

The difference lies primarily in the risk level and the type of fall protection needed. Leading edge work demands more stringent safety measures due to the inherent risk.

Personal Fall Arrest Systems (PFAS), while vital, have limitations:

• Fall Clearance: PFAS relies on sufficient clearance below the worker to prevent contact with lower obstacles. A fall could result in injury or fatality if the fall distance is too great.
• Swing Falls: A worker may swing horizontally after a fall, potentially impacting other objects or surfaces. This is especially relevant in large open spaces without adequate fall protection beyond the immediate area.
• Energy Absorption: The system must properly absorb the energy of the fall, to avoid severe injury. Improperly installed or maintained systems can result in excessive force on the worker.
• Weight Limitations: Harnesses and anchor points have weight limitations. Exceeding these limits can cause equipment failure.
• Environmental Factors: Extreme temperatures, weather conditions, and corrosive environments can degrade PFAS components, reducing their effectiveness.

Understanding these limitations is essential for selecting appropriate fall protection and establishing safe work procedures.

Inspecting a full-body harness is crucial for ensuring its functionality and safety. A thorough inspection should be conducted before each use and regularly thereafter.

1. Visual Inspection: Check all straps, buckles, and D-rings for any signs of wear, cuts, tears, fraying, burns, or excessive stretching. Look for any damage to stitching.
2. Buckle Function: Ensure all buckles function smoothly and lock securely. Check that they are not stuck or damaged.
3. D-Ring Integrity: Examine each D-ring for deformation, cracks, or any signs of damage. D-rings are critical for connecting to the lanyard.
4. Webbing Condition: Inspect the webbing for abrasions, cuts, or any other damage that could compromise its strength. Check for unusual stiffness.
5. Padding Condition: Check the padding for wear and tear. Damaged or missing padding can cause discomfort and skin irritation.
6. Label Check: Verify the harness is the correct size for the worker and is within its usable lifespan. Check for manufacturer labels and expiry dates.
7. Documentation: Record the inspection date, any defects found, and corrective actions taken in a designated logbook or inspection form.

If any damage is found, the harness must be immediately taken out of service and replaced. Never compromise safety by using a damaged harness.

A comprehensive rescue plan for a fall from height is vital and should include:

• Emergency Response Team: Designated personnel trained in rescue techniques.
• Communication Procedures: Clear protocols for notifying emergency services and coordinating rescue efforts.
• Rescue Equipment: Appropriate equipment such as harnesses, ropes, pulleys, and a suitable rescue device.
• Rescue Plan Details: A step-by-step plan outlining the procedure to safely extract the fallen worker from the location. This would include details on the location of the anchor points and how to utilize the rescue equipment effectively.
• Regular Training and Drills: Regular practice to ensure that all team members are familiar with and adept at the procedures outlined in the rescue plan.
• Post-Incident Procedures: Procedures for assessing the injured worker’s condition, providing necessary first aid, and filing incident reports.

A well-defined rescue plan can significantly minimize the severity of injuries and save lives.

Anchor points are critical for fall protection systems. Their suitability depends on the application and load requirements. Several types exist:

• Structural Anchor Points: These are permanently fixed to the structure itself, such as embedded steel plates or reinforced concrete. They are ideal for high load capacity and long-term use. Examples include I-beams, structural columns, or dedicated anchor points in a building.
• Roof Anchor Points: Purpose-built systems for roof applications, often designed to withstand high loads and various weather conditions. They are engineered to distribute the force of a fall.
• Mobile Anchor Points: These can be positioned in different locations as needed. Examples include tripod stands or mobile anchor systems that can be attached to beams or other suitable structures.
• Beam Clamps: These clamps attach to structural beams or other similar horizontal members. They are temporary anchor points suitable for specific tasks.

The choice of anchor point depends on factors such as the load capacity needed, the type of structure, and the duration of use.

Assessing the suitability of an anchor point is critical for safety. Several factors must be considered:

• Load Capacity: Determine the maximum weight the anchor point can safely support. This must exceed the combined weight of the worker, harness, and equipment.
• Structural Integrity: Verify that the anchor point is securely attached to a robust and structurally sound component. This will ensure it can withstand the forces of a fall.
• Corrosion Resistance: Check for signs of corrosion or degradation, particularly in outdoor environments. This can significantly weaken the anchor point.
• Accessibility: Ensure that the anchor point is readily accessible to the workers without causing additional hazards.
• Installation Compliance: Ensure that the anchor point has been installed correctly according to the manufacturer’s instructions and any relevant safety standards.
• Certification/Documentation: Check for certification documentation showing the anchor point’s load capacity and compliance with relevant standards.

Any doubts about the suitability of an anchor point should result in its rejection. Safety should never be compromised.

The fall factor is a crucial concept in height safety, representing the ratio of the distance a worker can fall to the length of the available rope or lifeline in a fall arrest system. It’s calculated as: Fall Factor = Height of Fall / Length of Rope.

A lower fall factor is always safer. Imagine a worker 10 meters above the ground with 10 meters of lifeline (Fall Factor = 1). If they fall, the arresting force will be significant. Now, imagine they have 20 meters of lifeline (Fall Factor = 0.5). The arresting force will be much less, reducing the risk of injury. A fall factor of 2 is generally considered the maximum acceptable in most systems, and even that’s pushing the limits. Exceeding a fall factor of 2 dramatically increases the risk of severe injury or even death because of the immense force on the system.

For example, in a construction setting, ensuring adequate lifeline length is critical for reducing the fall factor and minimizing potential injuries during a fall from a scaffold or rooftop.

Legal requirements for working at heights vary by region. However, common threads include adhering to national or regional Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) guidelines, or equivalent legislation. These usually mandate risk assessments before any work at height commences, the provision of appropriate fall protection equipment (such as harnesses, lanyards, and anchor points), proper training for all workers involved, and regular equipment inspections. Failure to comply can result in hefty fines, legal action, and even criminal charges if a serious injury or fatality occurs. Specific regulations will also cover the selection and use of different types of fall protection systems, like guardrails, safety nets, and personal protective equipment (PPE).

It’s essential to always consult the specific legislation of your region for the most up-to-date and accurate information, as requirements evolve and differ based on the nature of the work and the environment.

Safety nets and safety harnesses serve different purposes in fall protection. A safety harness is a body-worn piece of personal protective equipment designed to restrain a worker from falling, typically using a system of straps that connect to an anchor point via a lanyard. It’s designed to arrest the fall by reducing the impact force.

A safety net is a large, suspended net designed to catch a falling worker. While effective, nets are less precise and don’t offer the same level of individual protection as a harness system. They are suitable for certain situations but should be chosen carefully and used in accordance with strict guidelines to prevent the possibility of a worker falling through or being injured by contact with the net itself.

The choice between a safety net and a safety harness depends on the specific circumstances, the height of the work, the type of work being carried out and the availability of suitable anchor points.

Regular equipment inspections are paramount for height safety. Damaged or defective equipment can lead to catastrophic failures during a fall, resulting in serious injury or death. Inspections should be carried out before each use and following any incident, by a trained and competent person. Checklists should be used to ensure a thorough examination is performed, covering all aspects of the equipment, from wear and tear to the proper functioning of any locking mechanisms.

For example, a frayed rope or a damaged carabiner can drastically reduce the effectiveness of a fall arrest system. Regular inspections help identify such defects early on, preventing accidents.

Documentation of these inspections is equally crucial, providing a verifiable record of equipment suitability and maintenance, which is often a legal requirement.

Donning and doffing a harness correctly is essential for its effectiveness. Incorrect usage can lead to improper fit and reduced protection. The process involves:

• Donning: Inspect the harness for any damage. Adjust the leg straps, chest strap, and shoulder straps to ensure a snug but comfortable fit. Connect the lanyard or other fall arrest system to the designated dorsal D-ring (usually on the back). Always double-check all connections.
• Doffing: Disconnect the lanyard or fall arrest system from the dorsal D-ring. Carefully remove the harness, ensuring all straps are unfastened. Inspect the harness again before storage.

It’s crucial to receive proper training on the specific harness being used, as designs vary. Incorrect usage negates the harness’s intended protective function, so always refer to the manufacturer’s instructions and receive appropriate training.

Responding to a fall from height emergency requires a swift and coordinated response. The priorities are:

• Immediate Safety: Ensure the scene is secured to prevent further incidents. This involves isolating the area and preventing unauthorized access.
• Emergency Services: Call emergency medical services immediately. Clearly and concisely describe the situation, location, number of casualties and any specific information relevant to the rescue.
• Rescue: If trained and equipped, initiate a rescue operation. This might involve using specialized equipment such as a rescue harness and ropes, or contacting a professional rescue team if the situation is beyond your capabilities. Never attempt a rescue if you lack the necessary training or equipment.
• Post-Incident Procedures: Once the casualty is stabilized and treated, initiate a thorough investigation to determine the cause of the fall. This involves gathering evidence, interviewing witnesses and reviewing the relevant work practices and safety procedures.

Remember, safety is paramount. Prioritize the safety of those involved in the rescue as well as the fallen person.

Falls from height are frequently caused by a combination of factors. Common causes include:

• Unsafe Work Practices: Lack of proper training, failure to follow safety procedures, rushing, complacency, and inadequate supervision.
• Equipment Failure: Damaged or improperly maintained equipment, such as faulty harnesses, lanyards, or anchor points.
• Environmental Hazards: Slippery surfaces, obstructed walkways, poor lighting, and adverse weather conditions.
• Inadequate Fall Protection: Lack of appropriate fall protection systems, insufficient fall arrest systems, or incorrectly installed equipment.
• Human Error: Misjudgment of distances, loss of balance, and fatigue.

Identifying the root causes of falls is crucial for preventing future incidents. Thorough investigations and effective safety management systems are essential for mitigating these risks.

Confined space entry and work at heights often go hand-in-hand, especially in industrial settings. Confined spaces are enclosed or partially enclosed areas with limited access and egress, posing unique hazards. The connection to height safety arises when workers must access these spaces from elevated positions, such as climbing ladders or using platforms to reach entry points. The principles revolve around mitigating risks from both the confined space itself (e.g., oxygen deficiency, toxic gases, engulfment) and the height involved (e.g., falls, slips, trips). A comprehensive risk assessment is crucial, including atmospheric testing, rescue plans, and selecting the appropriate PPE and access equipment. Imagine a worker needing to enter a tank from a raised platform; both confined space entry procedures and fall protection measures are mandatory.

For example, a worker entering a large storage silo from an elevated platform needs a fall arrest system in place before entering the confined space. This system acts as a secondary protection system should they fall from the platform’s edge while performing the task. The primary protection, however, would be the confined space entry procedure itself. This would involve an atmospheric test to assess the presence of hazards and ensure the area is safe to enter.

A fall restraint system prevents a worker from reaching a fall hazard in the first place. Think of it as a safety net that keeps you from even getting close to the edge of a cliff. Unlike fall arrest systems that stop a fall after it’s started, fall restraint systems actively restrict movement to a safe zone. They typically involve horizontal lifelines, retractable lanyards with limited range, or other systems that physically limit worker movement to within a defined area. This is vital for reducing the likelihood of a fall occurring in the first place. The purpose is to eliminate the possibility of a fall, making it a proactive, primary fall protection measure.

For instance, workers on a roof might use a horizontal lifeline system connected to their harness. This allows them to move along the roof within a safe distance from the edge, preventing the possibility of falling off.

Several types of fall arrest systems exist, each suited for different situations. These include:

• Self-Retracting Lifeline (SRL): A compact device that automatically retracts the lifeline, preventing excessive slack and providing a quick arrest in case of a fall.
• Shock-Absorbing Lanyard: A lanyard designed to dissipate the energy of a fall, minimizing the impact force on the worker.
• Full Body Harness: The critical component that connects the worker to the fall arrest system, distributing the impact forces across the body.
• Anchor Point: The secure point of attachment for the fall arrest system, requiring a structural assessment to ensure sufficient strength.
• Vertical Lifeline Systems: Used for vertical access, often employed in multi-story buildings or on tall structures. The lifeline runs vertically alongside the worker.

Selecting the correct system depends on factors such as the height of the work, the type of work being performed, and the surrounding environment. Improper selection can lead to serious injury or death. For example, a shock-absorbing lanyard is ideal for shorter falls, while an SRL is better suited for longer falls or situations with more vertical movement.

Calculating the safe working load (SWL) of an anchor point requires a thorough assessment by a competent person. It’s not a simple calculation but rather a process involving several steps. You need to consider the material strength of the anchor point, the design factors (how the anchor is installed and the load distribution), and any environmental factors that may impact its strength. The SWL will be stated in terms of force (kilonewtons or pounds) and is never to be exceeded.

The process often involves consulting the manufacturer’s specifications for the anchor point, performing structural calculations to determine load bearing capacity, and considering potential factors that can reduce load bearing capacity like corrosion, damage and environmental stress.

It’s crucial to emphasize that this should not be attempted without proper training and experience. Miscalculation can have fatal consequences. Always consult with a qualified structural engineer or competent person to verify the SWL.

Selecting appropriate PPE for height safety depends on a number of intertwined factors:

• The specific task: Different tasks demand different types of PPE. For example, roof work might require a harness and lanyard, while window cleaning might necessitate a safety line and platform.
• The environment: Weather conditions (rain, wind, extreme temperatures), the presence of hazardous materials, and the surrounding terrain all impact PPE selection.
• Regulations and standards: Compliance with relevant safety standards and regulations is paramount. Your selection must meet minimum requirements set by the authorities.
• Worker comfort and fit: PPE should be comfortable and properly fitted to ensure effectiveness and prevent discomfort, leading to unsafe work practices.
• Compatibility: All PPE components must work together seamlessly and be compatible with each other.

For instance, working at height in a cold climate necessitates additional considerations, such as insulated gloves and warmer clothing layers under the harness, ensuring mobility and warmth don’t compromise safety.

Regular inspection of fall protection equipment is critical. Signs of damage to look for include:

• Cuts, abrasions, or tears: In any webbing, straps, or lanyards, this indicates reduced strength and must be immediately removed from service.
• Corrosion: On metal components such as carabiners or anchor points, rust significantly weakens the material.
• Burns or chemical damage: Exposure to chemicals can degrade materials, making them unreliable.
• Distorted or damaged hardware: Bent carabiners, damaged snaps, or any deformation of components indicate a compromised structure.
• Excessive wear: Look for signs of fraying, stretching, or general deterioration. This is especially important for ropes and webbing.

If any damage is detected, the equipment must be immediately removed from service and replaced. Continued use of damaged equipment significantly increases the risk of a fatal fall. Regularly scheduled inspections are a critical element of any safe work at height program.

Pre-task planning is the cornerstone of safe work at heights. It’s not simply a checklist but a systematic process of identifying hazards, assessing risks, and developing control measures before any work commences. This involves:

• Hazard identification: Identifying potential hazards such as edge protection inadequacy, unstable surfaces, environmental factors (wind, rain), and the presence of overhead obstructions.
• Risk assessment: Evaluating the likelihood and severity of each hazard to determine the level of risk.
• Control measures: Implementing measures to eliminate or reduce risks, such as using fall arrest systems, providing edge protection, or establishing exclusion zones.
• Emergency procedures: Developing clear and concise emergency procedures in case of a fall or other incident, including communication protocols and rescue plans.
• Competency verification: Ensuring all personnel involved have the necessary training, skills, and experience to undertake the work safely.

Effective pre-task planning reduces the likelihood of incidents and ensures that workers can perform their tasks safely and efficiently. It is not merely a legal requirement, but a responsible approach to ensure worker well-being.

Ensuring worker competence in height safety is paramount. It’s not just about ticking boxes on a training checklist; it’s about fostering a culture of safety awareness and practical skill.

• Comprehensive Training: Workers must undergo thorough training covering relevant legislation, hazard identification, safe work procedures, equipment selection and use (e.g., harnesses, lanyards, fall arresters), emergency procedures, and rescue techniques. This should include both classroom instruction and practical, hands-on sessions simulating real-world scenarios.
• Competency Assessment: Practical assessments are crucial. Observations of workers performing tasks at height, under supervision, allow for a realistic evaluation of their skills and adherence to safety protocols. This might involve a demonstration of proper harness fitting, anchor point selection, and emergency procedures.
• Regular Refresher Training: Height safety procedures and equipment evolve. Regular refresher training keeps workers updated on best practices, new technologies, and any changes in legislation. This combats complacency and ensures skills remain sharp.
• Supervisory Oversight: Experienced supervisors play a critical role. They monitor workers’ performance, ensure adherence to safety plans, and provide immediate feedback and correction where needed. A buddy system, where workers are paired for mutual support and observation, can also enhance safety.
• Documentation: Maintaining detailed records of training, assessments, and any incidents is essential for demonstrating competence and continuous improvement. This provides verifiable evidence of worker capability and the effectiveness of the safety program.

For example, in a recent project involving rooftop maintenance, we implemented a rigorous training program that included both classroom sessions and practical exercises using simulated rooftop environments. Each worker’s competency was assessed through observation and a practical exam before they were authorized to work at heights.

Clear and concise communication is vital during a height rescue operation. A breakdown in communication can have devastating consequences. We use a standardized protocol that prioritizes safety and efficiency.

• Designated Roles: Clear roles and responsibilities are assigned to each team member (e.g., rescuer, safety observer, emergency services liaison). Each person understands their tasks and reporting lines.
• Visual Cues: Hand signals are crucial, especially in noisy environments or where verbal communication is difficult. Pre-agreed signals should be used to indicate directions, status updates, and potential hazards.
• Radio Communication: Two-way radios ensure clear and immediate communication between the rescue team, the person at height, and any emergency services personnel. This allows for real-time updates and coordination of actions.
• Detailed Briefing: Before commencing the rescue, a thorough briefing outlines the rescue plan, potential hazards, and the roles of each team member. This eliminates confusion and ensures everyone is on the same page.
• Post-Incident Debrief: After a rescue, a debriefing session allows the team to analyze the operation, identify any areas for improvement, and ensure lessons learned are documented and shared to improve future responses.

For instance, in a scenario where a worker was suspended from a scaffold, our team used pre-agreed hand signals to guide the lowering process, while a designated member communicated with emergency services, providing real-time updates on the situation and the worker’s condition. The clear communication ensured a swift and safe rescue.

Scaffolding is a common work at height structure, but its safety depends heavily on the type used and how it’s erected and maintained.

• Tube and Clamp Scaffolding: Highly versatile, it’s built using standardized tubes and clamps. Safety requires proper bracing, adequate base plates, and regular inspections to ensure stability and structural integrity. Overloading is a common hazard.
• System Scaffolding: Pre-engineered components offer rapid assembly and enhanced safety features. However, it’s crucial to select the correct system for the task and follow the manufacturer’s instructions meticulously. Incorrect assembly can compromise stability.
• Mobile Scaffold Towers: Easy to move but require careful leveling and securing to prevent tipping. Lockable wheels are crucial, and adequate outriggers are necessary for stability, especially when working at greater heights. Over-reaching is a primary risk.
• Facade Scaffolding (Suspended Scaffolding): Used for exterior building work, requiring specialist knowledge and adherence to stringent safety regulations. Regular inspections of the suspension system and the scaffold’s structure are absolutely critical. The suspension points must be correctly engineered and regularly inspected.

Each type of scaffolding has specific safety requirements detailed in relevant industry standards and manufacturer’s instructions. Failure to comply with these requirements can lead to serious accidents. Regular inspections, thorough training, and competent supervision are essential for ensuring the safe use of all scaffolding systems.

Risk assessment is the cornerstone of any effective height safety procedure. It’s a systematic process to identify potential hazards, evaluate their risks, and implement appropriate control measures.

• Hazard Identification: This involves identifying all potential hazards associated with working at height. Examples include falls from height, dropped objects, weather conditions, and equipment failures. A detailed site survey is crucial.
• Risk Evaluation: Once hazards are identified, their likelihood and severity are assessed. This may involve using a risk matrix to categorize risks based on their potential impact.
• Control Measures: Based on the risk evaluation, appropriate control measures are implemented to reduce or eliminate the identified risks. This could include using fall arrest systems, installing guardrails, using appropriate PPE, and implementing safe work procedures.
• Documentation: The entire risk assessment process, including identified hazards, risk evaluations, and implemented control measures, must be thoroughly documented. This allows for review, updates, and auditing of the safety procedures.

A well-conducted risk assessment ensures that appropriate precautions are taken to minimize the likelihood and severity of accidents. For instance, before commencing any work on a building’s roof, we conduct a comprehensive risk assessment that considers factors such as the weather, the structural integrity of the roof, and the types of equipment to be used. The outcome of this assessment determines the necessary control measures and safe working procedures.

Maintaining accurate records is crucial for demonstrating compliance with regulations and for continuous improvement of our height safety program. We utilize a combination of digital and physical methods.

• Digital Database: A central database is used to store information on worker training records, including certificates, attendance sheets, and assessment results. This allows for easy retrieval and verification.
• Inspection Checklists: Digital or physical checklists are used for regular inspections of equipment and work areas, providing a structured way to document findings and any necessary corrective actions.
• Incident Reporting System: A formal system for recording and investigating incidents, including near misses, is in place. This helps to identify trends, implement corrective actions, and prevent future incidents.
• Regular Audits: Regular audits of our records and safety procedures ensure the data’s accuracy and that our program remains effective and compliant with relevant regulations.
• Secure Storage: All records are securely stored, both physically and digitally, ensuring confidentiality and accessibility to authorized personnel only.

This integrated system provides a complete picture of our height safety performance, allowing us to identify areas for improvement and demonstrate our commitment to worker safety. Regular audits ensure that the documentation reflects the true state of our safety practices.

Incident investigation and reporting are critical for learning from past mistakes and preventing future occurrences. My experience involves a structured, multi-step process.

• Immediate Response: Secure the scene, ensuring the safety of all personnel involved, and provide any necessary first aid.
• Fact-Finding: Gather information from eyewitnesses, review relevant documentation (e.g., risk assessments, training records), and examine the physical evidence.
• Root Cause Analysis: Determine the underlying causes of the incident, moving beyond immediate contributing factors to identify systemic issues or deficiencies in our procedures.
• Corrective Actions: Develop and implement corrective actions to prevent similar incidents from occurring. This may involve modifying equipment, improving training, or updating safety procedures.
• Reporting: Prepare a comprehensive report documenting the incident, root causes, corrective actions, and any recommendations for preventing future incidents. This report is shared with relevant personnel and regulatory bodies as required.

For example, in an incident involving a fall from a ladder, our investigation uncovered a lack of proper ladder stability and inadequate worker training in the use of fall arrest systems. The outcome was improved training, updated safety procedures, and changes in the method of using ladders to complete the work.

Improving height safety awareness and compliance is an ongoing process that requires a multifaceted approach.

• Leadership Commitment: Visible commitment from leadership is essential to foster a safety-conscious culture. This includes actively promoting safety initiatives, participating in training, and leading by example.
• Regular Training and Communication: Frequent refresher training, toolbox talks, and safety briefings ensure that workers are reminded of safety procedures and updated on any changes.
• Incentives and Recognition: Positive reinforcement, such as rewarding safe work practices, can encourage compliance and improve safety performance.
• Incident Reporting and Feedback: Encouraging workers to report near misses or incidents without fear of reprisal helps identify potential hazards and implement corrective measures.
• Interactive Safety Campaigns: Using engaging methods, such as posters, videos, or competitions, can increase awareness and reinforce safety messages.

In one team, we implemented a safety suggestion box and a peer-to-peer safety observation program. This not only increased reporting of near misses, but also fostered a stronger culture of mutual accountability and safety awareness among team members.