Interview Questions for Rabbit Health Care

Dental disease is incredibly common in rabbits, often going unnoticed until advanced stages. Their continuously growing teeth require constant wear from chewing appropriate hay. Problems arise when this wear is insufficient.

• Malocclusion: This is the misalignment of teeth, preventing proper wear. Imagine trying to chew with misaligned human teeth – it’s painful and inefficient! It can lead to overgrown incisors (front teeth) and cheek teeth (molars and premolars). Overgrown incisors may prevent eating, while overgrown cheek teeth can cause abscesses and pain.
• Dental Abscesses: These are infections of the teeth and surrounding tissues. They can be caused by bacterial invasion from food impaction between overgrown teeth. Symptoms include swelling in the face, decreased appetite, and drooling.
• Periodontal Disease: Similar to gum disease in humans, this involves inflammation and infection of the gums and supporting tissues. It can lead to tooth loss.

Treatment varies depending on the severity. For mild malocclusion, adjusting the diet to include more fibrous hay may be sufficient. More significant issues require veterinary intervention, often involving tooth trimming or extraction under anesthesia. Antibiotics are often used to treat abscesses and periodontal disease. Regular dental check-ups are crucial to prevent these problems.

Gastrointestinal (GI) stasis is a life-threatening condition where the normal movement of food through the digestive tract slows or stops. Think of it like a traffic jam in the rabbit’s gut.

• Decreased Appetite: A major warning sign. Rabbits are naturally picky eaters, so any significant drop in food consumption should be investigated.
• Lack of Cecotropes: These are soft, dark droppings that rabbits re-ingest for crucial nutrients. A reduction or absence signifies digestive problems.
• Hard, Dry Droppings: A change in stool consistency indicates slowed gut motility.
• Lethargy and Depression: Rabbits will appear less active and less interested in their surroundings.
• Bloating and Abdominal Distension: The abdomen may feel distended or firm.
• Pain: Rabbits might show signs of abdominal discomfort.

GI stasis requires immediate veterinary attention. Treatment involves hydration (often via subcutaneous fluids), pain management, and stimulating gut motility with medications.

A rabbit’s diet should primarily consist of high-quality, unlimited grass hay (timothy, orchard grass, etc.). Think of hay as their main course!

• Unlimited Hay (70-80%): Essential for dental wear and gut health.
• Small Amounts of Fresh Vegetables (15-20%): These add variety and essential vitamins. Introduce new veggies slowly to avoid digestive upset.
• Limited Pellets (5-10%): These are a supplemental food, not the main source of nutrition. Choose high-fiber, low-sugar pellets.
• Fresh Water: Always available, in multiple locations and different types of water bottles.

Avoid sugary treats, processed foods, and foods high in carbohydrates, as these can lead to obesity, dental problems, and other health issues. A balanced diet mimicking their natural grazing habits is key to a happy, healthy bunny.

Suspected respiratory infections in rabbits are serious and require immediate veterinary care. These can range from simple infections to more severe conditions like pneumonia. Early intervention is vital.

• Observe the Rabbit: Note any sneezing, nasal discharge, labored breathing, changes in vocalization, or lethargy.
• Isolate the Rabbit: Prevent the spread of infection to other pets.
• Veterinary Examination: The vet will perform a thorough physical exam, possibly including radiographs (x-rays) to assess the lungs.
• Treatment: Treatment may include antibiotics, supportive care (such as fluids and keeping the rabbit warm), and medications to help with breathing.

Never self-treat a rabbit with a respiratory infection. Rabbits can decline rapidly, so prompt professional veterinary intervention is crucial.

Rabbits are susceptible to several parasitic infections, both internal and external.

• Coccidiosis: Caused by coccidia protozoa, this infection affects the intestines and can lead to diarrhea, weight loss, and even death. It is particularly common in young rabbits.
• Encephalitozoon cuniculi: This microscopic parasite can affect the brain, kidneys, and eyes. Symptoms can vary greatly, from subtle neurological signs to severe illness.
• Fleas: Common external parasites that can cause irritation and anemia. They can also transmit other diseases.
• Mites: These can cause skin irritation, hair loss, and intense itching.

Regular fecal examinations are essential for early detection of internal parasites, enabling timely treatment. Preventing flea infestations through proper hygiene and preventative medications is crucial for rabbit health.

Administering subcutaneous (SC) fluids is a common procedure in rabbit care, typically used for hydration during illness or dehydration. It requires careful technique to minimize stress and complications.

• Gather Supplies: Sterile gloves, appropriate sized needle and syringe, fluid bag, antiseptic solution, and a clean, flat surface.
• Prepare the Fluid: Ensure the fluid is at room temperature and gently mix it.
• Prepare the Injection Site: The loose skin on the back of the neck or the flank is usually ideal. Clean the area with antiseptic solution.
• Insert the Needle: Insert the needle at a shallow angle (15-30 degrees) under the skin, creating a tent of skin.
• Administer the Fluid: Slowly inject the fluid, watching for any signs of discomfort in the rabbit.
• Remove the Needle: Gently remove the needle and apply gentle pressure if needed.

Proper training is crucial for this procedure; improper techniques can lead to complications. Always observe the rabbit for any adverse reactions after administering fluids.

Preventative healthcare is paramount for rabbits, as many diseases can develop silently and rapidly progress. Regular check-ups are analogous to regular human check-ups – better to prevent problems than react to them later.

• Annual Veterinary Examinations: A comprehensive exam including weight check, dental assessment, and fecal exam for parasites.
• Vaccinations: Protection against diseases like rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) and myxomatosis.
• Parasite Prevention: Regular fecal checks and preventative medications as recommended by your vet.
• Appropriate Diet and Housing: Providing a balanced diet and clean, spacious living environment contributes significantly to overall health.
• Dental Care: Regular dental checks are essential, as many problems with rabbits’ teeth go unnoticed until the issue becomes significant.

Preventative care helps identify and address potential health problems early, resulting in improved quality of life and longer lifespan for your rabbit. Think of it as an investment in a long and happy relationship with your pet!

Assessing a rabbit’s body condition score (BCS) is crucial for monitoring their health and nutritional status. We use a numerical scale, typically ranging from 1 (emaciated) to 5 (obese), to evaluate their overall body fat and muscle mass. Think of it like evaluating a human’s weight – we don’t just look at the number on the scale, but also at their overall appearance.

How to assess:

• Palpate the spine: Feel along the spine. A BCS of 1 will have prominent vertebrae, easily felt and potentially sharp. A BCS of 5 will have a heavily padded spine, almost impossible to feel.
• Check the ribs: Gently feel along the ribs. In a healthy rabbit (BCS 3), you should be able to feel the ribs easily but not see them prominently. Too prominent indicates a lower BCS, while difficulty feeling them suggests a higher one.
• Assess the waist: Look at the waistline. A healthy rabbit will have a noticeable waist behind the ribs. Lack of a waist indicates excess fat (higher BCS).
• Evaluate muscle mass: Feel the muscles along the back and hindquarters. Good muscle tone indicates a healthy weight.

Example: A rabbit with a BCS of 2 would have visible ribs and a slightly prominent spine, indicating weight loss. Regular monitoring and adjustments to their diet are crucial in this case.

Rabbits are masters of masking pain, making it challenging to detect. However, several subtle signs can indicate discomfort. Think of it like a quiet person who’s really upset; you have to look closely for the cues.

Common signs of pain include:

• Lethargy and decreased appetite: A significant change in activity level and eating habits is a major red flag.
• Changes in posture: Hunched posture, reluctance to move, or unusual stiffness are signs of discomfort.
• Bruxism (teeth grinding): This isn’t always an indicator of pain, but frequently occurs alongside other pain symptoms.
• Vocalization: Rabbits rarely vocalize, so any unusual sounds, especially squealing or crying, are serious indicators.
• Changes in elimination habits: Straining to urinate or defecate, or changes in the consistency or frequency of stools should raise concern.
• Sensitivity to touch: Gentle palpation of certain areas might elicit a flinch or withdrawal response.

Important Note: Any combination of these signs warrants immediate veterinary attention.

Proper housing is fundamental to a rabbit’s well-being. Think of it as providing them with a safe and comfortable apartment tailored to their needs.

Key Housing Requirements:

• Spacious enclosure: Rabbits need ample space to hop, stretch, and explore. The bigger, the better! A small cage is inadequate for most breeds.
• Solid flooring: Wire flooring can cause sores on their paws. Solid flooring made of wood or plastic is preferred.
• Secure and escape-proof: Rabbits are adept escape artists! Ensure the enclosure is securely closed to prevent escapes.
• Environmental enrichment: Provide toys, tunnels, and hiding places to stimulate their natural behaviors.
• Cleanliness: Regular cleaning of the enclosure (at least daily spot cleaning and weekly deep cleaning) is essential to prevent health problems.
• Temperature control: Rabbits are sensitive to temperature fluctuations. Protect them from extreme heat and cold.
• Appropriate bedding: Use absorbent bedding material suitable for rabbits. Avoid cedar or pine shavings as they can be toxic.

Example: A large indoor pen with multiple levels, toys, and hiding places is ideal for an indoor rabbit. Outdoor hutches must be properly protected from the elements.

Improper handling can cause significant stress and even injury to a rabbit. Remember, rabbits are prey animals; they’re naturally fearful of being grabbed or restrained incorrectly.

Implications of improper handling:

• Injury: Rough handling can lead to broken bones, sprains, and internal injuries.
• Stress and fear: Improper handling increases stress hormones, weakening their immune system and making them more susceptible to illness.
• Fear-induced aggression: A frightened rabbit might bite or scratch in self-defense.
• Broken teeth or jaw: Improper restraint can damage delicate teeth and jaws.
• Weakened bond: Poor handling can damage the human-rabbit relationship.

Safe Handling Techniques: Support the rabbit’s body, keeping its hindquarters secure. Approach slowly and calmly. Never lift them by the ears or scruff of their neck. Instead, gently support their chest and hindquarters.

Different rabbit breeds have unique physical characteristics and health predispositions. Understanding these differences is essential for providing appropriate care.

Examples of Breed Variations and Health Predispositions:

• Giant Flemish Rabbits: Prone to osteoarthritis due to their large size and weight.
• Dwarf Lop Rabbits: Can have eye problems and dental issues.
• Dutch Rabbits: May be susceptible to certain skin conditions.
• English Angora Rabbits: Require regular grooming to prevent matting and potential skin infections.
• Rex Rabbits: Known for their unique coat but might experience some skin issues.

Note: These are general predispositions; not all rabbits of a specific breed will exhibit these problems. Responsible breeding and careful monitoring can minimize risks.

Differentiating between viral and bacterial infections in rabbits requires a veterinarian’s expertise. Clinical signs alone are often insufficient for a definitive diagnosis; laboratory testing is usually necessary.

General Differences:

• Viral infections: Often cause more systemic illness, affecting multiple organ systems. They are generally harder to treat with antibiotics.
• Bacterial infections: Typically manifest as localized infections, such as abscesses or pneumonia. They can be treated with appropriate antibiotics.

Diagnostic Tools: Veterinarians will use various tests, including blood work, cultures, and potentially PCR, to confirm the type of infection and guide treatment. The veterinarian will perform a thorough physical examination, assess the severity of the symptoms, and gather a complete history.

Performing a physical examination on a rabbit requires a gentle and systematic approach. We want to minimize stress while gathering as much information as possible. The process is similar to examining other small mammals, but requires awareness of their unique anatomy and behaviors.

Steps in a Rabbit Physical Examination:

• Initial Observation: Assess overall posture, body condition, alertness, and respiratory effort. Note any unusual sounds, discharge, or abnormalities.
• Weight Measurement: Record the rabbit’s weight, which helps track growth and health changes.
• Auscultation: Use a stethoscope to listen to the heart and lungs, checking for murmurs or abnormal sounds.
• Palpation: Gently feel the abdomen to assess the size and consistency of organs. Check for any masses or abnormalities.
• Oral Examination: Inspect teeth and gums for malocclusion, overgrown teeth, or dental disease.
• Skin and Coat Assessment: Check for lesions, parasites, or abnormalities in the coat.
• Neurological Assessment: Assess reflexes, balance, and coordination.
• Urogenital Examination: Inspect the genital area for any discharge or abnormalities. This step is frequently conducted only when needed.

Important Note: A thorough physical examination should always be complemented by a careful history from the owner. This helps determine the likely cause of any symptoms and allows for tailored treatment.

Overgrown nails in rabbits are a common problem, often stemming from a lack of sufficient abrasive surfaces in their environment. Imagine a human constantly wearing soft shoes – their nails would grow excessively long too! Rabbits naturally wear down their nails by digging and running on rough surfaces.

• Lack of exercise: Rabbits kept in small cages with limited opportunities to dig or run will often develop overgrown nails.
• Soft flooring: Carpeted or soft wood flooring doesn’t provide enough abrasion to wear down the nails.
• Obesity: Overweight rabbits may have difficulty moving around enough to naturally wear down their nails.
• Underlying health conditions: In some cases, overgrown nails can be a symptom of an underlying health problem, such as arthritis, which makes it painful for the rabbit to use their feet normally.

Regular nail trimming is essential to prevent overgrown nails from becoming painful or ingrown. You’ll want to consult a veterinarian to learn the proper technique.

Managing a rabbit with a fracture requires immediate veterinary attention. Rabbits are incredibly fragile, and a fracture can be life-threatening if not treated correctly. The veterinarian will first stabilize the fracture, often with a cast, splint, or surgical repair, depending on the severity.

Post-operative care is crucial. This includes pain management (analgesics), strict cage rest to prevent movement of the fractured bone, and careful monitoring for signs of infection, such as swelling, redness, or discharge at the fracture site. The rabbit will need to be fed a high-fiber diet to promote gut motility, as decreased activity can lead to gastrointestinal issues. Regular vet check-ups are vital to monitor the healing progress and adjust the treatment plan as needed.

A key aspect is providing a safe and comfortable environment. This means a spacious, clean cage with soft bedding, and minimizing stress to facilitate healing. Remember, rabbits are prey animals; a stressful environment hinders their recovery.

Heat stress in rabbits is a serious condition that can quickly become fatal. Rabbits have a limited ability to regulate their body temperature, making them highly susceptible to overheating. Think of them as furry little furnaces that struggle to cool down.

• Lethargy and weakness: The rabbit may seem unusually tired and less active.
• Rapid breathing and panting: Unlike dogs, rabbits pant by extending their necks and opening their mouths. This is a very serious sign.
• Increased salivation: Excessive drooling is an indication of heat stress.
• Warm ears and body temperature: Feel the rabbit’s ears; if they are unusually warm, it’s a red flag.
• Loss of appetite: A decrease in food intake is a common sign.
• Seizures or collapse: In severe cases, heatstroke can lead to seizures and collapse.

Immediate action is vital if you suspect heat stress. Move the rabbit to a cool, shaded area, provide cool water, and seek veterinary attention immediately.

Administering medication to rabbits requires careful technique and understanding. Incorrect administration can lead to injury and stress for the rabbit.

Oral Medications: The ideal method is to mix the medication with a small amount of a favorite food, like a soft treat or a small amount of their regular pellets. Never force medication directly into the rabbit’s mouth; this can cause aspiration pneumonia.

Injections: Injections should always be administered by a veterinarian or experienced technician. Common injection sites include the subcutaneous (under the skin) or intramuscular (into the muscle) areas. Inappropriate injection techniques can cause abscesses or tissue damage.

Important Note: Always follow your veterinarian’s instructions carefully regarding medication dosage, frequency, and administration route. If you have any doubts or concerns, consult your veterinarian immediately.

Handling an aggressive rabbit during examination requires patience, understanding, and the right techniques. Remember, aggression is often a manifestation of fear or pain. Never approach a rabbit forcefully; this will only escalate the situation.

• Approach slowly and calmly: Avoid sudden movements.
• Use a towel: Gently wrap the rabbit in a towel to restrain it, making it feel secure and reducing the chance of injury to both you and the rabbit.
• Speak softly and reassuringly: A calm voice can help soothe a stressed rabbit.
• Distraction techniques: Offer a favorite treat to distract the rabbit while performing the necessary examination.
• Seek assistance: If you are having difficulty, ask a colleague or veterinarian for assistance.

Prioritizing the rabbit’s safety and comfort is paramount. If the aggression is severe or persistent, the veterinarian might suggest sedation before the examination.

Anesthesia in rabbits carries inherent risks, and it’s crucial to be aware of them. Rabbits have unique physiological characteristics that make them sensitive to certain anesthetic agents. These risks can be minimized through careful pre-operative assessment and meticulous monitoring during and after the procedure.

• Respiratory depression: Rabbits are prone to respiratory complications during and after anesthesia, making careful monitoring of breathing and heart rate essential.
• Hypothermia: Rabbits lose heat quickly, so maintaining a warm body temperature is crucial throughout the anesthetic procedure.
• Hypoglycemia: Low blood sugar levels can occur, especially if the rabbit hasn’t eaten before the procedure. This is why pre-operative fasting in rabbits needs careful consideration.
• Liver and kidney dysfunction: Rabbits can develop liver and kidney problems as a result of anesthesia. Pre-operative blood tests often assess kidney and liver function.
• Cardiac arrest: Although rare, it’s a serious possibility.

Choosing the right anesthetic agent and technique, and careful post-operative monitoring, significantly reduces these risks.

Rabbits are prone to various skin diseases, many of which are linked to underlying health problems or environmental factors.

• Flystrike: This is a severe condition where flies lay eggs in soiled fur, usually around the genitals or tail. The larvae then feed on the rabbit’s skin. It requires immediate veterinary intervention involving cleaning, wound care, and parasite treatment.
• Ringworm: A fungal infection causing circular, patchy hair loss and scaling skin. Treatment involves antifungal medications.
• Mange: Caused by parasitic mites, leading to intense itching, hair loss, and skin crusting. Treatment includes antiparasitic medications.
• Abscesses: These are painful pockets of pus under the skin, often the result of injury or infection. Treatment usually requires incision and drainage by a vet.
• Skin allergies: Reactions to certain foods, bedding materials, or environmental allergens can manifest as skin irritation, redness, and itching. Dietary changes and environmental modifications are essential.

Early diagnosis and treatment are key to preventing these skin diseases from becoming severe or life-threatening. A thorough physical examination, possibly including skin scrapings or cultures, is important for correct diagnosis and effective treatment.

Managing urinary tract issues in rabbits requires a multifaceted approach, starting with accurate diagnosis. Symptoms can range from straining to urinate, blood in the urine (hematuria), frequent urination, or even urinary incontinence. Underlying causes are diverse, including bladder stones, infections (bacterial cystitis), or even tumors. Diagnosis usually involves a thorough physical exam, urinalysis, and potentially radiographs or ultrasound to visualize the urinary tract.

Treatment depends on the underlying cause. For bacterial infections, antibiotics are crucial, often tailored to the specific bacteria identified through culture and sensitivity testing. Bladder stones may necessitate surgical removal or dietary changes to prevent further stone formation. Pain management is vital, often involving analgesics. Fluid therapy might be necessary to flush the urinary tract, especially in cases of dehydration.

For example, a rabbit presenting with straining and blood in the urine might be diagnosed with bladder stones through radiography. Surgery would then be necessary to remove the stones, followed by pain relief and potentially a change in diet to reduce the risk of recurrence – often involving a shift to a lower-calcium diet. Regular monitoring post-treatment is critical to ensure successful management.

Restraining a rabbit safely and effectively is paramount to avoid injury to both the animal and the handler. Never grab a rabbit by its ears or legs. Instead, gently support the rabbit’s body, using a towel to help immobilize it if necessary. For routine procedures, a gentle scruffing technique can be employed; one hand gently supports the scruff of the neck, providing stability without causing pain. The other hand supports the hindquarters.

For more extensive procedures, a specialized rabbit restraint technique, often involving a towel or carrier, might be necessary. The goal is to minimize stress and fear, and to prevent injury. Think of it like this: you want to make the rabbit feel secure and contained, not scared and vulnerable. It’s vital to use the minimum restraint needed for the task and to talk soothingly to the animal throughout the process.

For example, when administering oral medication, supporting the rabbit in a comfortable seated position whilst gently offering the medication is often sufficient. However, when clipping nails, more firm support may be needed to prevent scratching or biting. If the rabbit becomes agitated during handling, stop and allow it to calm down before resuming.

Inadequate dental care in rabbits has severe implications, leading to a cascade of health problems. Rabbit teeth continuously grow throughout their lives. Without regular checks and appropriate dental care, overgrown teeth can develop, causing significant pain and impacting their ability to eat. This malocclusion, or misalignment of teeth, can lead to difficulty chewing, weight loss, and potentially even starvation.

Overgrown teeth can also injure the tongue and cheeks, creating sores and infections. Additionally, the inability to properly chew hay can lead to digestive problems, including decreased gut motility and an increased risk of gut stasis, a life-threatening condition. Regular dental check-ups, ideally every 6 months, are crucial for early detection and intervention.

Imagine the analogy of our own teeth: neglecting them leads to cavities, gum disease, and difficulties with eating. The same principle applies to rabbits, only the consequences are even more severe because of their continuously growing teeth. Therefore, proactive dental care is not merely beneficial, it’s absolutely essential for maintaining rabbit well-being.

Flystrike, also known as myiasis, is a serious infestation of fly larvae (maggots) in rabbits’ wounds, fur, or even their fecal matter. It’s particularly common in rabbits with soiled fur, wounds, or impaired mobility. Early identification is crucial as the infestation can rapidly spread and lead to severe tissue damage, sepsis, and even death.

Identifying flystrike involves looking for signs such as maggots crawling in the fur, particularly around the rump, genitals, or any wounds. There might also be a strong odor and signs of inflammation or tissue damage. Treatment involves immediate removal of the larvae, typically using tweezers or a gentle flushing with lukewarm water. The affected area should then be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected. Antibiotics might be necessary to prevent secondary bacterial infections.

For example, a rabbit with diarrhea and soiled fur around the hindquarters is highly susceptible to flystrike. Daily checks of hygiene and prompt treatment of any diarrhea are crucial for prevention. If flystrike occurs, it is a veterinary emergency. Never attempt home treatment beyond initial cleaning – immediate veterinary intervention is paramount.

Parasite control is fundamentally important in rabbit husbandry. Rabbits can be affected by various internal and external parasites, such as intestinal worms (e.g., coccidia, Eimeria), fleas, mites, and lice. These parasites can cause significant health problems, leading to weight loss, diarrhea, anemia, skin irritation, and even death.

Regular fecal examinations can help detect internal parasites. Treatment often involves deworming medication, prescribed by a veterinarian. External parasites are managed through appropriate preventative measures such as regular grooming, flea treatments (following veterinary guidance), and maintaining a clean and hygienic environment. A healthy and stress-free environment can reduce the risk of parasitic infestation.

For instance, consistent deworming, as recommended by a vet based on the rabbit’s age and risk factors, prevents the build-up of internal parasites, protecting the rabbit’s digestive health. Regular environmental hygiene minimizes the chances of external parasites gaining a foothold.

Rabbit cages come in various types, each with its own suitability. Wire cages are common but must have a solid bottom to prevent sore hocks. Solid-bottom cages are preferable as wire can cause foot injuries. Multi-tiered cages should be avoided as rabbits are prone to jumping and may injure themselves. The size is crucial; the cage must be large enough to accommodate the rabbit’s natural behaviors, allowing for adequate space for exercise, eating, and resting.

Hutch-style cages often provide a combination of indoor and outdoor space, offering some protection from the elements and allowing for more space. However, they should be protected from predators and extreme temperatures. Indoor hutches provide more protection from the elements and parasites. Regardless of the cage type, access to appropriate hay racks, food bowls, and water bottles is essential, placed strategically to avoid soiling.

For example, a dwarf rabbit might be content in a smaller cage than a giant breed. Choosing a cage based on the rabbit’s size and breed, with appropriate spacing and surfaces, is crucial for overall wellbeing. Always consider the rabbit’s natural behaviors and preferences when selecting a cage.

Dehydration in rabbits can be life-threatening and requires prompt attention. Signs include sunken eyes, dry mouth and nose, lethargy, loss of skin elasticity (skin tenting), decreased urination, and possibly even shock. Skin tenting is a common indicator; gently pinch a fold of skin on the back, and if it slowly returns to its normal position, the rabbit is likely dehydrated; if it remains tented, it is a significant sign of dehydration.

Rehydration strategies vary depending on the severity. In mild cases, increased access to fresh, clean water might be sufficient. However, for moderate to severe dehydration, subcutaneous (under the skin) fluid therapy is often necessary, administered by a veterinarian. Oral rehydration solutions should only be given under veterinary guidance, as some solutions are not suitable for rabbits.

For example, a rabbit with prolonged diarrhea is at high risk of dehydration. Early detection of the diarrhea and its treatment, alongside careful monitoring for signs of dehydration, can significantly improve the outcome. If dehydration is present, immediate veterinary care is required to administer fluids intravenously or subcutaneously, based on severity.